[SK Research Award Interview] Professor Heechan Song: People Who Shape Their Own Stories amid Precar
[SK Research Award Interview] Professor Heechan Song: People Who Shape Their Own Stories amid Precarious Lives
A chance encounter at a Buddhist temple in Thailand eventually paved the way for an academic paper. Professor Heechan Song's research was not planned from the outset. During the COVID-19 pandemic, when venues in Bangkok were forced to close and many workers returned to their hometowns, Song sat down and talked with them as a Buddhist monk. The stories he heard—not as a researcher taking notes, but as one person listening to another—would later become the seeds of his research.
Shortly after joining Korea University Business School as a new faculty member in 2026, Song was honored with the SK Research Award. His award-winning paper, "Constructing Agency Under Persistent Precarity: Shame, Anger, and Compassion in the Self-Narratives of Thai Sex Workers," explores how people create meaning in their work and lives despite precarious conditions shaped by poverty and social stigma. Rather than focusing on the familiar business-school concerns of organizations and performance, the study asks questions about the human desires, emotions, and dignity that lie beneath them.
The following is a conversation with Professor Song about his research and the award.
Q1. Could you briefly introduce your award-winning paper?
Thailand has a substantial population engaged in sex work. I wanted to understand what this profession truly means to them. For example, I wanted to examine how they approach their work, how they think about emotions such as love, and how they view the clients who come to see them. Ultimately, the study looks at how they understand and give meaning to their occupation.
Q2. What led you to study the narratives of Thai sex workers?
When I was living as a monk in Thailand, the COVID-19 pandemic began, and the establishments where sex workers worked in Bangkok were shut down. Many of the people who had worked there returned to their hometowns after the shutdown. At the time, I was residing as a monk in one of the areas they had returned to, which naturally led me to cross paths with many of them at the temple.
As we talked, they began to tell me about the work they did. Some were deeply ashamed of their work, while others regarded it simply as an occupation. Some also approached it with the mindset that they should do their best to provide a good service. Those conversations made me want to study how they understood their work and what kind of mindset they brought to it.
Q3. Because the study deals with sensitive personal experiences, building trust with the participants must have been particularly important. How did you form relationships with them and invite them to share their stories?
Researchers usually begin by designing and preparing a study in advance. That is not normally how I conduct my research. I tend to begin by observing what happens in everyday life.
While I was living as a monk, I interacted with them frequently. Because I built connections with them human-to-human rather than as a researcher, they felt comfortable opening up and readily shared their stories. Later, when I decided to conduct a formal study and asked how they felt about participating, they readily gave their consent.
I am still close friends with one of the participants. They are now very successful in Dubai and earn more than I do. They recently visited Korea, and we spent some time together.
Q4. The emotions of "shame, anger, and compassion" are central to the paper. How did these emotions emerge during the interviews?
When it comes to shame, participants generally exhibited a low sense of agency, and their narratives were relatively straightforward. When I asked why they were doing this work, they often said that they had no choice because they needed to earn money. It was a response that we might have expected: they felt ashamed and described the work as something they had been forced to do by their circumstances.
In contrast, some participants whose narratives were centered on anger expressed strong hostility toward Buddhism. Some felt neglected due to their parents’ heavy reliance on Buddhism, and over time, these cumulative experiences appeared to morph into deep-seated anger. They expressed resentment and hostility toward many different people.
Interestingly, when I compared their incomes, the participants in this group earned the most. Their resentment seemed to be accompanied by a stronger tendency to view their relationships with others in instrumental terms.
Another participant, whose narrative was anchored compassion, remarked, "Professor, you sell your intellect, while we sell our bodies - at the core, there isn’t all that much difference." She was satisfied with her occupation and tried to treat the people who came to see her well. She seemed to feel compassion both for herself and for her clients. She also said, "People do not necessarily come here only to satisfy their sexual desires. They also have various emotional needs."
Q5. Are there any research topics or projects that you would like to pursue in the future?
First, I am drawn to Bhutanese artists who paint thangkas. Although they are creators of arts, their work simultaneously serves a religious purpose. Because Buddhism holds such great significance in Bhutan, I would like to examine what meaning they attach to the act of painting and how they understand their lives as artists.
Second, I am also interested in people from North Korea. While I was living at a temple, I met a man from North Korea. He told me that while escaping the country, he encountered an unscrupulous broker, and his wife and daughter were trafficked elsewhere. The experience caused him severe trauma, and he eventually became a monk in Laos.
My conversations with him led me to think about the meaning of freedom. He explained that having had virtually no exposure to personal freedom in North Korea, he struggled to make choices even in Laos - a socialist nation lacking the rigid rationing system he had known back home. In connection with this issue, I would like to study how North Korean defectors living in South Korea build relationships with South Koreans and what kinds of experiences they have in the workplace.
About Professor Song's Award-Winning Paper
In 2026, Professor Heechan Song of Korea University Business School received the SK Research Award for his paper, "Constructing Agency Under Persistent Precarity: Shame, Anger, and Compassion in the Self-Narratives of Thai Sex Workers." The study examines how Thai sex workers understand and create meaning in their work and lives while living under precarious conditions shaped by poverty and social stigma. The significance of the study lies in illuminating how individuals navigating unstable circumstances interpret their labor and forge meaning in their lives.
The study analyzes how Thai sex workers living under persistent precarity use self-narratives to make sense of their work and lives. Song focuses on how the participants' past life experiences and current work experiences are connected through three central emotional themes: shame, anger, and compassion. Based on these findings, the study identifies three distinct types: "passive fantasizers," who demonstrate low levels of agency; "empowered victims," who transform anger into self-oriented agency; and "compassionate carers," who construct other-oriented agency through acceptance and empathy. The study demonstrates that even under precarious living conditions, individuals interpret their work and construct different forms of agency in their own ways.
▶ Read the full paper: "Constructing Agency Under Persistent Precarity: Shame, Anger, and Compassion in the Self-Narratives of Thai Sex Workers"
KUBS Student Press / Reporting and Photography by Jinyoung Kim
2026.08.10
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